Repositioning and Optimal Re-Allocation of Empty Containers: A Review of Methods, Models, and Applications

Managing empty-container movements is one of the most challenging logistics problems in shipping field. With growth global trade imbalance, repositioning process has become necessary, immediately after emptying a container. The main contribution this research paper to enrich frequently used methods, models, and applications literature, for relaxing empty-container-repositioning problem. article presents practices that vary between organizational policies, technical solutions, modelling applications. A review optimization models been comparisons, based on specified criteria, such as time frame, inputs, outputs, scale project, value. Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was applied through online database Web Science (WOS). It gives comprehensive description all relevant published documents. On basis conducting brief systematic review, future opportunities have determined, considering emerging phenomena container transport chains.